To a distance observer, the light appears to be coming from some where below the ground. Thus a Ray of light from such an object bends away from the the normal and undergoes total internal reflection. the optical density at different layers of air increases with height.Īs a result, light from a tall object such as tree, passes through a medium whose refractive index decreases towards the ground. Hotter air is less dense and has smaller refractive index than the cooler air. On hot summer days, the air near the ground becomes hotter than the air at higher levels the refractive index of air increases with its density. Μ₂₁ = μ₂/μ₁ = 1 /sin Ic Applications of total internal reflection :- 1. Thus, refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 Let about refractive index of medium 1 is μ₁ and the medium 2 is μ₂, critical angle Ic Relationship between critical angle and Refractive index :- Fig. The angle of incidence corresponding to an angle of refraction 90° is called the critical angle ( Ic) for the given two media. Value of angle of incidence should be more than the value of critical angle ( Ic ).Ray of light should be travels from denser medium to rarer medium.If the angle of incidence is increased still for the refraction is not possible and the incident ray is totally reflected, this is called total internal reflection.Ĭonditions for the total internal reflection :. As the angle of incidence ( i ) increases so does the angle of refraction is 90° at interface between the two media. when Ray of light enters from denser medium to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal and the angle of refraction ( r ) Being larger than the angle of incidence.When light travels from and optically denser medium to rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium, this reflection is called the internal reflection.
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