Instructional tutorials he's written have been linked to by organizations like The New York Times, Wirecutter, Lifehacker, the BBC, CNET, Ars Technica, and John Gruber's Daring Fireball. The news he's broken has been covered by outlets like the BBC, The Verge, Slate, Gizmodo, Engadget, TechCrunch, Digital Trends, ZDNet, The Next Web, and Techmeme. Beyond the column, he wrote about everything from Windows to tech travel tips. He founded PCWorld's "World Beyond Windows" column, which covered the latest developments in open-source operating systems like Linux and Chrome OS. He also wrote the USA's most-saved article of 2021, according to Pocket.Ĭhris was a PCWorld columnist for two years. Beyond the web, his work has appeared in the print edition of The New York Times (September 9, 2019) and in PCWorld's print magazines, specifically in the August 2013 and July 2013 editions, where his story was on the cover. With over a decade of writing experience in the field of technology, Chris has written for a variety of publications including The New York Times, Reader's Digest, IDG's PCWorld, Digital Trends, and MakeUseOf. Chris has personally written over 2,000 articles that have been read more than one billion times-and that's just here at How-To Geek. Note that the "linux" line may be very long and split across multiple lines.Ĭhris Hoffman is the former Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. To edit the runlevel, locate the line beginning with "linux," go to the very end of it, add a space, and then type the number of the runlevel you wanted to use. Edit the boot options and press Ctrl+ X or F10 when you're ready to boot. To change boot options, select a boot entry with your arrow keys and press e. You could boot into runlevel 3 - the standard system without a graphical desktop - or runlevel 1 - a single-user mode designed for administrative tasks. For example, this would allow you to boot into different " runlevels." By default, your Linux distribution probably boots into runlevel 5, which generally starts the system with a graphical desktop. Or, you can select a boot option and press e to edit that menu entry's boot options by hand. You can press c to open a GRUB2 command-line environment, where you can run various GRUB2 commands. The most recent kernel appears at the top of the list, has the highest version number, and is selected by default. Ubuntu configured GRUB to hide these options under "Advanced options for Ubuntu." Select it and press Enter and you'll see a list of Linux kernels you can choose to boot. You can switch to the older Linux kernel by rebooting into your GRUB boot loader and selecting the old kernel. For this reason, Linux distributions generally keep at least one older Linux kernel around. It may refuse to boot after you update, or you may experience hardware problems. However, in some cases, a new Linux kernel might have a problem on your system. This all happens automatically the next time you boot. To switch to a new Linux kernel, you have to reboot your operating system and boot into it. The Linux kernel is the core of the operating system, and new Linux kernels with updates and fixes often arrive via your Linux distribution's package manager. GRUB2 is also where you can choose between your installed Linux kernels.
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